New Delhi, India
Digital Archiving of Audio Content Using WINISIS and Greenstone
Software: A Manual for Community Radio Managers
K. Rajasekharan and K. M. Nafala
Editor: Bimal Kanti Sen
Production Editor: Anup Kumar Das
© UNESCO 2008
ISBN
This publication may be reproduced in any media
appropriately acknowledging UNESCO and the authors.
Design, Typesetting & Graphics: Nikhil Offset Printers,
Published by:
Communication and Information Sector
United Nations Educational Scientific & Cultural
Organization (UNESCO)
UNESCO House
B-5/29, Safdarjung Enclave
Phone: +91-11-26713000
Fax: +91-11-26713001/26713002
Email: newdelhi@unesco.org
Disclaimer
The authors are responsible for the choice and the
presentation of the facts contained in this publication and for the opinions
expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit
the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of materials
throughout the publication do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any county,
territory, city or area or of its frontiers or boundaries.
Foreword
Contents
Chapter 1: Community Radio:
An Introduction
Chapter 2: Creation of a
Digital Audio Archive using WINISIS
WINISIS: the Database Software used for Archiving
Creation of an Archive of
Audio Documents
Chapter 3: Creating a Front End for the Archive
Installation of Apache Web Server
Creating GenIsisWeb Application
Chapter 4: Creation of a
CD-ROM Library of Audio Documents
Creation of a CD-ROM Library with GenIsisCD
Finalize the CD-ROM application
Modifications to be made before
Finalizing the CD-ROM
Chapter 5: Building Up a
Digital Library using Greenstone
Building up a Collection with GLI
Preface
The purpose of this handbook is to help the managers of community radio
in creating the prototype archive of digital audio documents with stable, free
software WINISIS, GenISIS and Greenstone.
The unprecedented growth of digital audio documents makes it necessary
to consolidate the growing collection of digital documents into searchable
archives or digital library collections for managing and using them properly.
The digital document management technologies described in this Manual will make
the daily handling of digital audio documents in community radio stations, an
easy task.
This self-instructional Manual describes
1
the method of creation of digital archive
with WINISIS software,
2
the creation of a web front-end for the
above archives to make it easily usable and accessible over a local area
network with GenIsisWeb software,
3
the creation of a CD-ROM library with WINISIS
and GenIsisCD software
4
the creation of a digital library of
audio documents with Greenstone digital library software
The digital archiving or digital library technologies mentioned in the Manual
are useful for managing digital audio documents by the managers of community
radio stations, FM radio stations, public service broadcasting agencies or other
institutions dealing with audio files. The mechanisms described in this Manual
can be used for managing not only audio documents, but also other types of digital
documents such as text, PDF, HTML and video.
This Manual is a self-instructional
handbook that would help the managers of community radio to create digital
archives of audio documents in different electronic formats, ranging from
commonly used .WAV documents to .MP3 files to any other format.
Digital audio archiving is the
process of building up systematic digital audio collections. It can be
considered as an organized digital document management system, for easier
searching and retrieval or for making them available on the intranet/internet or
on a CD-ROM. Any audio document in the archive can be searched, retrieved, or
opened easily and those features make the archive an easily usable one. The addition,
replacement or deletion of any existing audio document in the archive can be
done with ease. One can, as well, alter any record in the database, whenever
necessary.
The digital audio archive can be
created with the free software WINISIS as
explained in Chapter 2 and it can
further be built up into a website like a homepage consisting of a search box, a
submit button and other buttons by using GenIsisWeb software as explained in
Chapter 3. One can search the archive with any word that appears in the searchable
fields of the database of the audio collection and can retrieve, open or save
the audio document, as in a website. When a search is made, the database
records that match with the search term will be listed in a
search-result-display page, with a hyperlink
in a field in the displayed record. A click on the hyperlink will open the linked-up document
automatically using an appropriate audio player.
The digital audio archive can be
configured in such a way that you can enlist all the documents in it
sequentially during a search with the word such as list or display, provided that word had
been included in every record in the database in any searchable field. The
search result for all records in a Demo Digital Audio Archive will appear as in
Figure 2.
Figure 1: Demo
Digital Audio Archive Homepage
Chapter 4 of this Manual deals
with creation of installable CD-ROM library of audio documents. The audio
documents can as well be built into a digital library by using Greenstone digital
library software. The method of creation has been described in Chapter 5.
Greenstone is the most popular digital document management software compatible
with all international standards or protocols.
The software tools mentioned in
this Manual for digital archiving are WINISIS, GenISISWeb, GenIsisCD, Greenstone and Apache, which
will work even in any low-configuration computer in Windows-based platform.
WINISIS is a versatile textual
database software developed by UNESCO mainly for creation of library catalogues.
It has been used as the back-end program for the digital audio archive. The WINISIS
database is created first. It is added with a format line to display a
hyperlink in its display screen, which links the appropriate document in the
digital collection held in the computer.
The digital audio archive allows
metadata-based search, retrieval and display of audio documents by a few mouse
clicks. The GenISISWeb/GenIsisCD software provides a user-friendly
web-front-end and helps publish the archive in intranet or in a CD-ROM without
hassles.
Figure 2: Demo
Digital Audio Archive- Search Result Page
Figure 3: An Audio
Document in the Archive Opened
Those software tools required
for creation of audio archives are freely obtainable from the Internet and the website
links are provided as footnotes at the appropriate places.
The digital audio document
archive can be created in any low configuration computer, with minimum learning
and efforts and hence it should be a reasonable choice for the resource-poor
managers of community radio in the developing world.
The Manual is expected to be a
user-friendly guide to the community radio managers/information
professionals/researchers/activists who want to make use of digital audio archiving
as a tool for information dissemination, empowerment and development.
Table 1: Digital
Archiving Software (FOSS) Described in this Manual
Application Software
|
Download Link
|
WINISIS or CDS/ISIS for Windows
|
www.unesco.org/isis/files/winisislicense.html
|
GenISISWeb
|
www.unesco.org/isis/files/winisis/genisis/web/genisisweb302.exe
|
GenISISCD
|
www.unesco.org/isis/files/winisis/genisis/cdrom/genisiscd.exe
|
Greenstone
|
http://www.greenstone.org/download
|
Apache Web Server for Windows (HTTP
Server)
|
http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
[download Win32 Binary without crypto (no mod_ssl) (MSI Installer)]
|
Chapter 1
Community
Radio: An Introduction
Community radio is a local radio
broadcasting system which is owned and managed by the local community and is
meant for serving a limited geographical area of around 10 kms radius. It
serves as a simple, efficient and cost-effective development communication tool
to reach out to the people in the locality, with locally made programmes. The
programmes can range from issues on health, education, environment,
agriculture, social development to entertainment. Community radio provides
programmes that have relevance to the taste of the local audience.
Since 2006, the Government of
India, had opened up airwaves for community-based radio broadcasting and
allowed non-profit organizations, with minimum three years of registration and
service in the community, to broadcast community-based programmes, under due
license. Community radio is going to be a reality in many of the places in
Community radio requires a lot
of tools and techniques to be on success path. It should have a broadcast
studio, a programme studio and a few equipments. The changing technologies,
particularly the digital technologies, can make the work in the community radio
station easier and effective. Some of the community radio stations, started
with modest means, now have many hours of digital audio files of programmes,
making it difficult to manage them conveniently. So this Manual facilitates the
use of free software WINISIS, GenISIS and Greenstone, that are promoted by UNESCO,
to archive, retrieve and use the digital audio documents, in community radio
stations, even by any layman.
Digital Audio File Management
Community radio uses sound in
divergent forms for broadcast. It can range from the chirping of birds, flowing
of a stream, movement of a bullock cart, rain, thunder, gushing out of water
from a pump, ticking of a clock, etc. to crying laughter or any verbal
utterance as the situation warrants. Community radio can use sound in digital
form conveniently, if the audio files are consolidated into easily usable
digital archives as described in this Manual.
We can classify the categories
of sound as:
- Spoken language
- Music and songs
- Sound effects
- Silence
Radio usually uses written scripts
whereas community radio prefers to use spoken dialect particularly the local
dialect, familiar to the local audience so as to facilitate easy communication.
Music used in programmes helps break the monotony. Elements of sounds, other
than spoken words, music and songs, can be used as sound effect to enhance
quality of the programmes. A sound of a bell, moving train and other similar
sounds can be used as sound effects. Silence, the conspicuous absence of any
sound, can also be used as an effect equivalent to that of sound in community
radio programmes.
Talks, interviews, dialogues,
discussions, plays, features, music programmes, etc. are the various types of
community radio programmes. In a community radio station, if sufficient
resources are available, a well-equipped digital document archive can be
developed as part of the studio for programme production.
Digital Audio Recording
Digital audio recording facilities
have become very popular nowadays. It is easy to convert the audio/speech/songs
from a microphone into a digital format which can be stored as a computer file,
usually in the computer’s hard drive or CD-ROM or DVD. There
are multitudes of audio file formats. But the most common formats are wave
files (.WAV) and MPEG Layer-3 files (.MP3). Some details of the formats are
given in the following section.
Digital Audio
File Formats
There are multitudes of digital audio
file formats and the most common among them are given below:-
- WAV – the most popular audio file format used mainly in Windows and is
commonly used for storing uncompressed sound files. This type of format is
large in size and of around 10MB per minute of music. The wave files can be
converted to other file format like mp3 to reduce the file size
- MP3 - MPEG Layer-3 format is the most popular format for downloading
and storing music. The mp3 files are compressed to roughly one-tenth the
size of an equivalent WAV file
while maintaining good audio quality. The MP3 format is good for large
music storage. It is not so good for voice storage.
- OGG - a free, open source container format that can be compared to MP3
files in terms of quality.
- GSM – is designed for telephony use in
- FLAC - a lossless audio format. If you compress and covert an audio
file to flac and restore it again, it will be a perfect copy of the
original. In lossy formats, a small part of the quality is lost. The format
FLAC is good for archiving.
- AU - a standard audio file format used by Sun, Unix and Java. The
audio in AU file format can be
compressed.
- AIFF - a standard audio file format used by Apple which is like a WAV file
for the Mac.
- VOX - the VOX format is similar to WAV files except that the VOX files
contain no information about the file itself so the codec sample rate and
number of channels must first be specified in order to play a VOX file. VOX is a very old file type and is pretty poor.
Proprietary Formats
- WMA - the popular Windows Media Audio format owned by Microsoft and designed
with Digital Rights Management (DRM) abilities for copy protection.
- AAC - the Advanced Audio Coding format is based on the MPEG4 audio
standard owned by Dolby. A copy-protected version of this format has been
developed by Apple for use in music.
- ATRAC (.WAV) - the older style Sony ATRAC format. Always it has the .WAV file
extension.
- RA - a Real Audio format designed for streaming audio over the
Internet. The .RA format allows files to be stored in a self-contained
fashion on a computer, with all of the audio data contained inside the
file itself.
- DSS - Digital Speech Standard files are
- MSV - is a Sony proprietary format for compressed voice files. A Sony
plugin is needed to load this.
- DVF - a Sony proprietary format for compressed voice files which is
commonly used by Sony dictation recorders. You might need a Sony plug-into
load this.
- ATRAC (.OMA, .OMG, .ATP) - the newer
style Sony proprietary format designed for mini disc use. It has .OMA,
.OMG or .ATP file extension and is similar to MP3. They are rights managed and one cannot open them in any
common software programs.
Chapter 2
Creation of a
Digital Audio Archive using WINISIS
WINISIS:
the Database Software used for Archiving
WINISIS
software, also known as CDS/ISIS for Windows and developed by UNESCO, is a
flexible, easy to use and menu-driven generalized information storage and
retrieval software application. Even though the software is designed
specifically for creating and managing non-numerical, textual databases such as
a library catalogue, it is most suited for managing digital audio documents
stored in computer hard disk or other storage media. WINISIS is flexible enough
to create any number of databases with completely different data elements. It
can be used by anyone having a reasonable computer exposure or experience and
hence can be used for easily managing digital documents by community radio
managers.
Components
of WINISIS Database Software
WINISIS
database[1], as any other database software, can
contain any number of records and each record can contain a set of fields such
as title of a document and name of creator that you can choose to have. A
field, in a record, carries the data element and the value. WINISIS database
will have a master file, with .MST
extension, containing the entire records in the database. An inverted file, containing all the
indexed terms from the data fields along with the master file number (MFN) of the database, generated automatically
during database creation, functions as an index to the master file and that mechanism ensures faster retrieval of any
record.
In
order to create a WINISIS database with any combination of chosen fields, the
following components need to be created.
- Field
Definition Table (FDT): The FDT defines the fields such as title of
a song, name of singer, name of film, format, etc. of the records in the
database and their characteristics. FDT determines the structure of data
entry worksheet. That means the field name, data type, etc. of the field
in the data entry worksheet will be determined by the Field Definition Table.
- Data Entry
Worksheet(s): The worksheet is the screen layout used to
create and/or update the content of the records in the database. The data
entry to the database is done by using the worksheet. WINISIS provides a
specially designed editor to create the worksheet.
- Print
Format (PFT): The PFT is the format for display or
printing of records. This is the most difficult part in learning the use
of WINISIS. The default PFT can be created by WINISIS Print Format
Assistant. But if you want to alter the display of elements, you need to
learn more about the format terms. Learning the format terms is not so difficult,
once you learn the basics.
- Field
Selection Table(s) (FST): FST defines the fields, from the database,
that allow search. Search is made possible by creating an inverted file of
terms indexed from those fields chosen for search. If you don’t choose any
field for search, that field cannot be searched. So select all those fields
required to be searched and retrieved.
Double Click on the Winisis1.5_3.exe[2] file to start its installation.
Figure 2.1: WINISIS Installation
File (WINISIS1.5_3.exe)
Then you will get the first screen in the installation process as shown
in Figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2: Starting the
Installation
Click on the Continue button and you will get the window as
shown in Figure 2.3.
Figure 2.3: Choosing the Folder
for Installation
Click on the Continue button.
Figure 2.4: Program Group for
Installation
Again click on the Continue button.
Figure 2.5: Suggested Folder for
Storage of Data Files
Click on the Continue button.
Figure 2.6: Choosing the
Language
Again click on the Continue button.
Figure 2.7: Choosing the Program
Directory
Click on the Continue button.
Figure 2.8: Read-Me File
Click the OK button and you will be notified the successful
installation of the programme as shown in Figure 2.9.
Figure 2.9: Installation
Completed
Click the OK button to
finalize the installation.
The next step is the creation of
database.
Creation
of an Archive of Audio Documents
In
order to create an archive of digital audio documents, you need to collect the
required audio files and place them in a convenient folder in your computer. It
can be in any audio file format. Then, create[3] a database of the digital
audio documents in WINISIS[4]. The database can have any
number of fields as you choose. You can, as well, choose any number as the tag number
of each field. The database to be created for demonstration purpose will have
the following tags and fields for convenience.
10 Title
20 Singer
30 Film
40 Format
90 Audio File
100 List
Creation
of database using WINISIS is very easy and automatic.
Open
the WINISIS programme by clicking CDS_ISIS for Windows under Start Ž
Program menu.
Figure 2.10: Opening the WINISIS
Program
Then you will get the screen as
shown in Figure 2.11.
Figure 2.11: WINISIS Opening Screen
Click on the Database drop down menu and select New as
follows (Figure 2.12).
Figure 2.12: Creating a New
Database
Now you will be led to the following screen (Figure 2.13).
Figure 2.13: Naming the Database
Give a database name such as AUDIO
and click on the Ok button. Then you will get the following screen
(Figure 2.14).
Figure 2.14: Default Filed Definition Table
You need to provide the Tag
number (10, 20, 30, etc) in the Tag box and Field name (Title,
Singer, Film, etc) of your choice in the Name
box and then click the Add button every time on completion of
each entry.
Beginners may choose Alphanumeric[5] under Type box so that the field can contain
alphabetical and numeric data. Click the check box under Rep for multiple occurrences (such as
more than one singer) of the field. Ignore the Pattern/Subfields, if you are not dividing the field into
subfields.
Figure 2.15: Field Definition
Table
On completing the entering of
tag numbers and the name of fields,
click the green arrow button at the right bottom corner to move on to the next
screen.
Figure 2.16: Choosing Data Entry
Fields
In the screen as shown in Figure
2.16, highlight the fields (on the left pane), which you want to include as the
Data Entry Field and click on the double arrow
button in the middle so as to get the field included as a Data Entry Field.
Click on the double arrow button in the above screen
will add all fields in the database as Data Entry Fields and they will appear
in the right pane as above, so that you can add data in all fields. Then click
on the green arrow button to move on to the following screen.
Figure 2.17: Launching Print Format Assistant
Click Yes to launch the wizard Print Format Assistant.
Figure 2.18: Choose a Print
Format
Select the appropriate print
format and click Ok button to get the print format screen as in Figure 2.19.
Decorated format is the
preferable choice for the beginners as it appears colourful.
Figure 2.19: Print Format
Add the following format line in
the print format statements shown
above, in order to create a hypertext link with a set of words such as Click
here[6]:
Link ((‘Click here’), ‘OPENFILE
’, v90)
Ensure to provide a space between the OPENFILE command
and the single quote, and the command OPENFILE should be in upper case
as shown above. Instead of the set of words Click Here, you can use any other
words as a link in the field.
The meaning of the
command is that, when you click on the link with the set of words ‘Click
here’, the click will automatically result in playing the audio file
denoted in the field V90, in an
audio player.
Click the green side arrow button to move ahead and you will be asked whether
to launch the Dictionary Assistant.
The resultant print format would appear as in Figure 2.20.
Figure 2.20: Modified Print
Format
Click Ok to move on to the next screen (Figure 2.21).
Figure 2.21: Launching Dictionary Assistant
Click Yes (Figure 2.21) to
launch the Dictionary Assistant. Dictionary Assistant will help you in
selecting the fields for indexing and the indexing technique for creation of
Inverted File Index. You will then get the following screen (Figure 2.22).
Figure 2.22: Field Selection
Table
Put X mark in the check boxes on the left side of the
field names and select the appropriate Technique for indexing from the
dropdown menu at the right top. The most commonly used indexing techniques are 0-by line and 4-by word. Select 4-by word indexing technique in
the drop down menu. That means, if you choose 4-by word, all the words in the field
will be indexed as indexing terms in the inverted file. Then click Ok to
move on to the next screen (Figure 2.23).
Figure 2.23: Field Selection
Table
Here you can make any alteration
in the indexing technique. To correct any entry, just click on the entry in the
entries box and that will appear in the edit box as shown in Figure 2.23. You
can edit the text and change the indexing technique, if needed. It is better
for the beginners to ignore it, initially.
Then click the Terminate
button (Figure 2.23) and you will get the following message (Figure 2.24).
Figure 2.24
Now click the Yes button
for confirmation and you will be notified that the database has been created (Figure 2.25).
Figure 2.25
Click the OK button (Figure
2.25). Now creation of the database is over.
Data Entry
Open
the newly created database by clicking on Open under Database
drop down menu (Figure 2.26) as follows:
Figure 2.26: Open the Database
Then you will get the following
screen (Figure 2.27) and select .MST
file of the new database (audio.mst in
this example) from the left pane.
Figure 2.27: Opening the
Database
Click the Ok button (Figure
2.27) to open the database as in the following screen (Figure 2.28).
Figure 2.28: Database Opened
Database definition process is
over and you need to enter the data by opening the WINISIS as in Figure 2.29 and
by clicking the Data entry under Edit menu.
Figure 2.29: Open the Data Entry
Window
You will then get the data entry
screen as in Figure 2.30.
Figure 2.30: Data
Entry Window
Enter the data of the digital
audio documents one by one in the fields.
In Audio Field, you need to
provide the file name with extension (.mp3, .wav, etc.) alone, if you are going
further to create a front end as detailed in the next chapter.
Figure 2.31: Entering Data in the Database
Figure 2.32:
Database Displayed
On the other hand, if you
provide the full path of the document (e.g., D:\0001.mp3) in the Audio File
field and place those documents in that location, you can use the application
as a WINISIS archive. A click on the link will then open the audio document.
The database creation is over. You can search[7] and find out required
document from the archive.
Creating
a Front End for the Archive
GenIsisWeb software can be used
for creating a convenient front end for the WINISIS archive. While creating the
WINISIS database, you need to use file name alone (not the full path) in the field
that contains the link to the document. Here the field name is Audio File.
WINISIS software is already
installed in your computer. The database created by WINISIS will work as the
back end of the GenIsisWeb application, the creation of which is described
below.
The steps for creation of the GenIsisWeb
application are as follows:-
- Install GenIsisWeb software and convert it into English language
version;
- The WWWISIS
folder from GenIsisWeb installation will normally be copied automatically
into HTDOCS folder of
Apache. Otherwise do it;
- The contents (not the folder) of BIREME in GenIsisWeb will normally be copied to CGI-BIN in Apache. Otherwise do
it;
- Create the GenIsisWeb front end application with a website
like homepage;
- The front end can be accessed by an HTTP address.
Installation of Apache Web
Server
Figure 3.1
GenIsisWeb software can be downloaded[11] it as a zip file from
Internet and will appear as follows:
Figure 3.7: GenIsisWeb zip file
Double click on it and it will
show the following screen. Then suggest a path where you want to copy the
unzipped files and click on the Decompresser button (Figure 3.8)
Figure 3.8: Decompressing GenIsisWeb
zip file
When you decompress the zip
file, you will get the following three files namely, GENISISWEB.CAB, SETUP.EXE
and SETUP.LST (Figure 3.9).
Figure 3.9: Decompressed Files
Double click [12]
the setup.exe file shown in Figure 3.9. Then you will get the first
screen in the installation process as shown in Figure 3.10.
Figure 3.10: Installation of
GenIsisWeb software
Click on the computer icon on the left side in the above screen.
Figure 3.11: Starting
Installation of GenIsisWeb software
Click on the computer icon on the left side in the
screen as shown in Figure 3.11.
Figure 3.12
Click on the Continuer button (Figure 3.12).
Figure 3.13
Then click the OK button (Figure 3.13) to finalize the
installation[13].
Figure 3.14: Starting Apache
from Windows Start menu
Figure
3.15: Apache Running Status
You
can then design your web interface for WINISIS archive using GenIsisWeb
software.
Converting GenIsisWeb into English
Figure
3.16: Opening the GenIsisWeb Application
Then you
will get the following screen (Figure 3.17).
Figure 3.17: GenIsisWeb Window
The default display language of
the GenIsisWeb application is French.
Click on the Configuration Ž Option and you will get the following window (Figure 3.18). Click the
dropdown menu, in the screen, and select Anglais to change the language into
English.
Figure 3.18: Select Languages as English (Anglais)
Also, select the sub-folder
"wwwisis" in
"DocumentRoot" and click the side button as shown in
Figure 3.19.
Figure 3.19
Then the following screen (Figure
3.20) with a message in French, asking you whether to use the Apache, will
appear.
Figure 3.20
Click the Qui button.
Figure 3.21
Click the Valider button.
Figure 3.22
Click
the OK button.
Figure 3.23
Click the OK button (Figure 3.23). Check whether everything
is correct as instructed in the screen (Figure 3.23). Now you have to restart GenIsisWeb
to get the English version.
Creating GenIsisWeb Application
Restart GeinsisWeb by clicking Start
Ž Programs Ž Application GenISIS Ž GenISISWeb.
Then you will get the following
screen (Figure 3.24).
Click
on Application menu and select New (Figure 3.25)
Figure 3.25
Then the following screen (Figure
3.26) will show the list of WINISIS database[15] available in your
computer in its default location.
Figure 3.26
Select the database (.mst) and click the Open button in the screen (Figure 3.26). You
will get the following screen (Figure 3.27).
Figure 3.27
Type
any name like MYWEB for your application and click OK.
Now you will have to design two forms – one Query form and a
Search Result Display page by using Format
'listing ' as detailed below
Altogether there are three form design formats:
- Query form which allows you to design the web
like Query Form - a home
page for searching the WINISIS database.
- Format 'listing' which allows you to design a Search Result
Display Page
- Format 'details' is ignored as it serves no purpose, in
our case.
We shall use the first two forms for our purpose and ignore the
third form Format ‘details’.
Designing the
Query Form
To design the query form, click the Add button at the
bottom of the query form as shown in Figure 3.28.
Click here
to add fields
Figure 3.28: Form Design Formats
Then you will get the following screen (Figure 3.29).
Figure 3.29
In the above screen (Figure 3.29),
select All fields[16]
from the left panel to create a single search box that allows search by any
term in any searchable field in the database. Then choose Index and click OK button.
You can select your option with
regard to the search operators and the index
button by clicking the check boxes on the left side of the above screen.
Index button would help the users to choose the terms indexed in the inverted
file for search.
Now you will get the following
window (Figure 3.30). The screen (Figure 3.30) shows the All fields search
box alone.
Figure 3.30
Select any or all the three tabs
Form, Index and Page appearing on the right side of the
screen for appropriately modifying the 'look' of the Search-box area, Index
Page and Display Area of query
form respectively. You can ignore them initially to avoid the trouble of
learning inessential things.
You can play with the options in
the screen and can choose anything you prefer to have a beautiful look for your
web front end. You can change background color, font parameters, etc.
How
to Change the Page Display of the Query Form
Put
tick mark to show the number of records to be displayed in a search. Click on
this button to edit the title of your query form Click here
to change background colour
Figure 3.31
Designing Format 'Listing'
Then click on the
‘Format-listing' window[17] at its top and you will
get the following screen.
Figure 3.32: Default Format ‘Listing’
Page
Click the Add button at
the left bottom so as to get the following window (Figure 3.33). You can design
your Search Result page, as detailed in Figure 3.33.
Figure
Create Customised Search-Result Page
Figure 3.33: Defining Format ‘Listing’
Page
In the screen as shown in Figure
3.33, first select the appropriate Field (for display in the search
result page) by clicking the drop down menu. Then click the down arrow
button at the middle and finally click the Ok button.
Now insert the next Field by clicking Add button till
all fields except Audio File are selected. Audio File field
needs to be provided with a link to the audio document for opening it.
Figure 3.34: One Field (Title) Added
Now add the Audio File field as described in Figure 3.35.
Click here to add
Audio File Field Click here to add
it Provide the path
to the sub-folder Provide
the path to the sub folder Click
here to add it Click
here to add Audio File Field
Figure 3.35: Providing Link to
the Audio File Field
Then, click on the down arrow
button at the middle as shown in Figure 3.35. Then click the drop down menu
appearing against link and select To external resource (pdf, doc…),
in order to link the audio files.
Then provide the path to the
subfolder where you put the full-text documents[18] (e.g., /audio/) in HTDOCS
of Apache as shown (/audio/) in Figure 3.36. Now click Ok button to save
it.
You may move on to the next
screen (Figure 3.36).
Figure 3.36: Format Listing
While designing two forms (query
form and format ‘listing’), create a subfolder (say audio) in htdocs and
copy all the audio documents in that folder.
Then click on Application drop
down menu and select Create application as in Figure 3.37.
Figure
3.37: Create Application
You will be led to the following message (Figure 3.38).
Figure 3.38: Test the
Application
Click on the Yes button and the query form you had
created will appear as in Figure 3.39.
Figure 3.39: A Test Window -
Query Page
Type
any search term in the Search box for all fields to make a search.
Figure 3.40: Search Window
Then click the Search button
to get the following screen (Figure 3.41) containing the result.
Figure 3.41: Search Result Page
If you click on the link (001.mp3) provided in the field Audio
File (Figure 3.41), appropriate document would be opened, automatically as
follows (Figure 3.42).
Figure 3.42: An Opened Audio
Document
Close the above windows and save
the application as follows (Figure 3.43).
Save the Application
Finally Save the application by clicking the Save under Application
drop down menu as in Figure. 3.43.
Figure 3.43: Save the
Application
Click the OK
button as shown in Figure 3.44.
Now, you can open
the GenIsisWeb application by typing the http address http://computername/wwwisis/databasename/form.htm in the address
bar of the web browser, from any computer in the local network.
For example, http://127.0.0.1/wwwisis/new.01/form.htm
will be the address for the application created above. The computer will add
.01 to the first application (new.01) and .02 to second application (new.02) and
so on, when you create different home pages for the same database. Any number
of applications can be created for the same database.
You can allow others
to search the database with the above HTTP address[19].
Creation
of a CD-ROM Library of Audio Documents
Digital archive of audio
documents created with WINISIS in Chapter 2 can easily be ported into a CD-ROM
with GenIsisCD software. The CD-ROM library or archive of audio documents, thus
created, can be used for wider dissemination and safe storage.
The
steps for creation of the CD-ROM library are as follows:
·
Create an archive of audio documents using WINISIS with one field
for file name with extension (001.mp3)
·
Convert the archive into a CD-ROM library with GenIsisCD.
You can use the database created
in Chapter 2 for converting into a CD-ROM library or creating a new WINISIS
archive ensuring the following essential features. If you choose to use the WINISIS
archive already created, then go to the installation of GenIsisCD and continue
from there. However, a recapitulation of the important points is given in the
following section.
Important Steps in Creation of a Database of Audio Documents
Collect the audio documents and
create a database of the digital documents in WINISIS with as many fields as
required. But ensure to provide the file name with extension (001.mp3) alone in
one (Audio File) field.
The
database of our demonstration CD-ROM library will have the following tags and
fields. But, you can use any tag and field name.
10 Title
20 Singer
30 Film
40 Format
90 Audio File
100 List
Creation
of database using WINISIS is very easy as explained in the second chapter.
After creating the files in WINISIS for the database, edit the print format of
the database as follows for providing a link from a field to the Audio File.
This is also explained in the chapter.
Edit
the Print Format
Open the print format by
clicking Print Format under Edit menu in WINISIS as follows
(Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Original Print
Format
Add
the following format line in order to create a hypertext link with the words Click
here[20].
The hyperlink, thus created, will be cross-linked to the audio document,
the name of which is provided in the tag
number 90:
Link ((‘Click here’), ‘OPENFILE ’,
v90)
Ensure to provide a space between the OPENFILE command
and the single quote, and the command OPENFILE should be in upper case
as shown above. The meaning of the command is that, when you click on the link
in the Audio File field, the click will automatically result in opening
the digital document denoted in the field v90.
The resultant
print format would appear as in Figure 4.2. Click Ok
button (Figure 4.2) to save the edited print format.
Figure 4.2
Entering Data in
the Database
Enter the data of all documents,
such as Title, Singer, Film, Format, etc. in each field[21]. The filename[22] of the audio file
including extension (001.mp3) should be entered in the Audio File field.
Then the database display should
be as follows (Figure 4.3).
Figure 4.3
The database creation is over
and you can continue with creation of CD-ROM library with GenIsisCD.
Installation of
GenIsisCD Software
GenIsisCD1.1.0[23] software is available at www.scribnet.org. When you
download it will be in zipped mode. Unzip the downloaded zipped file and you
will get the following three files.
Figure 4.4
Double click[24] the setup.exe file
given above. Then you will get the first screen in the installation process as
follows (Figure 4.5).
Figure 4.5
Click the OK button and
you will be led to a screen as in Figure 4.6.
Figure 4.6
Click on the computer icon
on the left side and you will get the following screen (Figure 4.7).
Figure 4.7
Click the Continuer button
and you will be notified the successful installation of the program.
Figure 4.8
Click on the OK button to finalize the installation.
Creation of CD-ROM Library:
Further Steps
Open GenIsisCD program and you will get the following screen (Figure
4.9).
Figure 4.9
Then
you will get the following screen as in Figure. 4.10.
Figure 4.10
Click Configuration and select Options to get the
following screen (Figure 4.11).
Click here to select the language as
English
Figure 4.11: Selecting English
as Default Language
Click on the language
drop down arrow key to select the language English and click the Ok
button[25] as above. The screen
shown in Figure 4.12 will appear.
Click
on the Application menu (Figure 4.12) and select New as follows.
Figure 4.12
Then the screen (Figure 4.13) will
appear, if the WINISIS database is available in the default location.
Figure 4.13
Select the .MST file of
the modified WINISIS database and click the Open button in the above
screen. The following screen (Figure 4.14) will appear.
Figure 4.14
Give a name like MYWEB
for your application and click OK (Figure 4.14).
Now you will have to design two
forms – one Query form and a Search Result Display page by using Format
‘listing’ as detailed below. There are three form design formats as listed
below:
- Query form which allows you to design the web
like Query form - a home
page for searching the WINISIS database.
- Format 'listing' which allows you to design a Search
Result Display Page.
- Format ‘details’ is ignored.
We shall use the first two forms
for our purpose and the third form Format ‘details’ will be ignored.
Figure 4.15: Form Design Formats
How to Design the Query Form?
Query form is the front-end web form, like
the homepage of a website. It will have a search box, submit button and other
buttons. To design the query form, select the Query form by clicking on
it.
Figure 4.16: Designing the Query
Form
Then, click on the Add button
at the bottom of the query form to add a search box and an index button. Then
you will get the following window (Figure 4.17).
Figure 4.17: Adding Search Box
to Query Form
In the screen as shown in Figure
4.17, select 'All fields'[26]
from the left panel (as it allows search by any term in the database) and then
click Ok. Now create an index button by marking the appropriate check box.
Next you will be led to the
following window (Figure 4.18), which allows you to modify the colour and
appearance of the form.
Figure 4.18: Design Query Form
The tabs Form, Index
and Page appearing on the right side of the screen (Figure 4.18) will
allow you to modify the 'look' of the Query
Form, Index Display Page
and Search Display Page respectively.
How
to Change the Page Display of the Query Form
Figure 4.19
Many inbuilt options are there
(Figure 4.19). You can play with these options and can change anything you would
prefer to have a beautiful look for your CD-ROM library.
Designing Format 'Listing'
Now click on the 'Format-Listing' window and you will
get the following screen (Figure 4.20). So we need to create the page.
Figure 4.20: Changing the
Appearance of the Search Result Display Page
Click the Add (Ń) button[27] at the bottom to create a
customized search-result display page and you will get the following window (Figure
4.21).
Figure 4.21: Creating a Search
Result Display Page
From the screen (Figure 4.21),
select the appropriate Field in the drop down menu and then click the down
arrow button at the middle and then click the Ok button. Now select
the next field by clicking the Add
(Ń) button till all Fields except the field Audio File are added (Figure 4.22).
Figure 4.22
Select
the Audio File field (Figure 4.23) and provide a link as follows.
Figure 4.23: Linking to the
Audio Documents
Then click on the down arrow
button at the middle so as to display the Audio File name with extension
(001.mp3). Now select the drop down menu appearing against link (Figure
4.23) and select To external resource (pdf, doc…), if the audio
documents are mp3, wav, pdf, doc, html, etc. Then click the Ok button to
save it. Then move on to the next screen (Figure 4.24).
Figure 4.24: Fields Selected for
Display of Search Results
After designing two forms (Query
Form and Format ‘Listing’) as in Figure 4.24, you may click on the Application
drop down menu and select Create application as in Figure 4.25.
Figure 4.25: Creating
Application
On clicking the Create Application,
you will get the following screen (Figure 4.26).
Figure 4.26
Click the OK button (Figure 4.26).
Now your application is created
in the folder C:\Program
Files\GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01. (The second application will have the name
Cd.02, third one will have Cd.03 and so on). Now you may test[28] whether the database is
working properly before finalizing the CD-ROM application.
Finalize the CD-ROM application
Click on the Application drop
down menu and select Finalize the application (before “CD burning”) as
in Figure 4.27.
Figure 4.27: Finalize CD-ROM
Application
Then
you will be led to the following screen (Figure 4.28).
Figure 4.28: Creating the CD-ROM
Structure
You may put ü tick mark on the check box on
top left so as to make the CD-ROM Auto
Run. Then click Ok button and move on to the next screen (Figure
4.29).
Figure 4.29
Figure 4.30
Click the OK button in
the above screen, in order to move the database to C:\Program
Files\GenIsisCD\appli\CD.01\db\audio.
Figure 4.31
Allow the above screen (Figure 4.31) to run, until it is finished.
Now click the Close button
(X) to get the following screen (Figure
4.32) with instructions to burn the CD-ROM. Please take a print-out of the page
and follow the instructions.
Figure 4.32: Instructions to
Burn the CD-ROM
Click Exit to close the CD-ROM file generation process.
Modifications
to be made before Finalizing the CD-ROM
Open the html folder
(C:\Program Files\GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01\html] and Delete the index file
(index.htm).
Then open the base_databasename_01
(e.g., base_audio_01)
folder (C:\ProgramFiles\GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01\html\base_databasename
_01).
Copy form_databasename (e.g., form_ audio) file and paste it
in the html folder and rename
the copied file (in the html
folder) into index.
Create a new subfolder
(say audio) in the "html" directory. Then copy the set of your audio documents
to the audio subfolder (C:\ProgramFiles\
GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01\html\audio.)
Making the CD-ROM Independent of
CD-ROM Drive Label
Make
the resultant CD-ROM to work in a computer with any CD-ROM drive label such as
D, E, F, etc. as follows.
Open the liste_databasename file in the base_databasename folder.
(C:\ProgramFiles\GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01\html\base_databasename\liste_databasename)
and it will look as follows (Figure 4.33).
Figure 4.33: Right Click to View
Sources
Right
click on
the page with the mouse and select View
sources to see the html codes of the page. Then html codes
will appear in a notepad file as in figure. 4.34
Now, you have to find out the html source line pertaining to the
field tag, which provides link to the full text documents (in this database 90 is the field tag). The html source line can be found out easily
by searching for the * using the Find menu of the notepad. Then
add the words [Rep]audio/ in front of the * mark, appearing just
before the field tag number and the resultant line would look as follows:
{<a target="_blank"
href="[Rep]audio/*">[90]</A></B></font><BR>}
Figure 4.34: HTML
Codes of the liste_databasename
If you provide this syntax [Rep],
it will replace the label of the CD-ROM drive of the computer where CD-ROM is
put, even if it is D, E or F. The symbol * (star) will replace the name
of the audio document file mentioned in the field 90.
Save the changes.
Then burn the contents in the
folder Cd.01 (C:\Program Files\GenIsisCD\appli\Cd.01) on a blank CD-ROM.
Testing
the Burned CD-ROM
Installing
the CD-ROM
Put the burnt CD-ROM in a
computer and the following screen (Figure 4.35) will appear automatically. If
the Autorun feature does not work, open the CD-ROM drive to get the
following screen.
Figure 4.35: Install the CD-ROM
Click on the Install the
CDROM button shown in Figure 4.35 and follow the on-screen instructions to
install the program.
Running the CD-ROM
Then go to Start š Programs š CDROM_name š query the CDROM_name to open the query form as
follows (Figure 4.36).
Figure 4.36
Figure 4.37:
Search Page of GenIsisCD
Type
any search term in the Search box for all fields to make a search.
Figure 4.38: Search Window
Click Search button to
get the following search result.
Figure 4.39: Search Result
If you click on the link (001.mp3) appearing against the field Audio
File provided above, appropriate document would be opened automatically.
Figure 4.40: Full-text Document
Opened
Building Up a
Digital Library using Greenstone
Introduction
Community radio managers can also
use Greenstone Digital Library Software (GSDL) for managing digital audio
documents. The digital library would help them retrieve any document from the
multitude of audio documents easily and instantaneously as needed.
The Greenstone offers exciting ways to build manage and distribute
digital audio documents. The audio documents can, not only be archived in the
computer, but also be published on the Internet or on CD-ROMs using Greenstone Digital
Library Software. After making some simple changes in configuration, one can
build an audio digital library collection with different browsing classifiers (such as title,
creator, etc.) for any digital audio document collection. Once initiated, the
automatic collection building process may run into several hours or days for a
very large audio document collection. One can organize digital audio documents
into focused collections under different categories for instantaneous retrieval
and use.
Software Installation
All the software tools needed
for installation and running of Greenstone is available in Internet. The
website location of the software in the internet is provided in the footnote[29].
Installation of the Software
Installation of the software is
very easy. The wizard will guide you through the process of installation by
suggesting the default options.
Install Java2 Runtime
Environment in your computer as a prerequisite before installing GSDL
software. The installation will be a straight forward one, if you are choosing
the defaults in the wizard.
Then, install the GSDL 2.80 (Windows
version) software in your computer. Choose, preferably, the Local Library
mode of installation which uses an inbuilt web server for running the
application. Web library installation, on the other hand, will help you make the
collection easily accessible in the local network. It requires a separate web
server like Apache / IIS and slight modification in the configuration file
needs to be done to make the Web Library work.
While installing the software,
just choose the default options shown by the wizard. The Greenstone
installation Manual available in Internet sites mentioned above will help you
know more about the installation process. The Local Library installation can be
accessed from the Start menu whereas the Web Library installation can only be
accessed from a web browser using an http address.
Before starting the collection
building process, please ensure that the audio documents, to be built up, are
placed in a suitable folder in the computer.
Building up a Collection with GLI
The easiest way to build a new
digital library collection is to use Greenstone's
Librarian Interface[30]
(GLI), a component of Greenstone Digital Library Software.
GLI allows one to collect the
documents, import or assign metadata, and build the documents into a digital
library.
GLI can perform the following
basic functions, while building up a collection: -
- Gather documents
for building up the collection
- Enrich
the documents by adding metadata
- Design
the collection, its appearance and the access facilities
- Format
the appearance of the digital library
- Create the
collection
- Convert the
digital library into a CD-ROM library
Starting the Building up Process
Open the GLI from the Start Ž Programs Ž Greenstone Digital Library
Software v2.80 Ž Greenstone Librarian Interface.
To start a new collection,
choose New from the File menu (Figure 5.1).
Figure 5.1:
Starting a New Collection
Fill up a name for the
collection (against Collection title) and a brief description about the collection (against Description of content) in the
appropriate column in the pop-up window.
Figure 5.2: Adding
Information about the Collection
Choose New Collection[31]
in the Base this collection on dialogue box and click OK (Figure 5.2).
Gather the Documents
Now the Gather panel will
become active and allow to collect the documents by exploring the computer. You
can select the files or directories by browsing the folders in the computer,
from the left pane. Drag and drop them into the right pane by your mouse. You
can drag the documents either individually or as group of documents in
folders/subfolders.
When you gather the documents,
the software usually prompts you for adding the Plug-in[32], if suitable Plug-in
is not included. In such cases, please click the Add Plug-in button and
the appropriate plug-in will be added.
Figure 5.3: Exploring the
Computer for Gathering the Documents
Enriching Documents with
Metadata
The
next stage is to enrich the documents by adding metadata for each document[33].
Click on Enrich tab (Figure 5.3) and it will bring up a panel. The left side of the panel under Collection tab shows the files